An isolated case of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) has been reported in Delhi, sparking health concerns amid the city’s ongoing battle against air pollution. A 72-year-old diabetic man from Uttam Nagar, West Delhi, tested positive for JE during his treatment at AIIMS. The diagnosis was confirmed via IgM ELISA on November 6, following his admission for chest pain on November 3. After receiving supportive care, he was discharged on November 15.
Understanding Japanese Encephalitis
JE, caused by the Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV), is transmitted primarily through mosquito bites, especially by Culex species. While many cases remain asymptomatic or mild, severe infections can lead to fever, seizures, paralysis, and even fatal brain damage. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, as there is no specific antiviral treatment.
Public Health Measures in Place
Reassuring the public, officials stated that no outbreak has occurred in Delhi. “Occasional isolated cases have been reported from tertiary hospitals like AIIMS, RMLH, and SJH. All public health measures, including those outlined by the National Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC), are in place to manage the situation,” they noted.
National Context
The disease is most prevalent in rural Asia during the monsoon, with pigs and waterfowl acting as reservoirs. India’s Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) reported 1,548 cases nationwide in 2024, with Assam accounting for 925 of them. Two doses of the JE vaccine have been part of India’s Universal Immunization Programme since 2013, with adult vaccination introduced in high-burden states.
Prevention Tips for Practitioners to Share with Patients
- Promote the JE vaccine, especially in endemic regions.
- Advise on protective measures: wearing long-sleeved clothing, using mosquito repellents and nets, and eliminating standing water.
- Stress early diagnosis and supportive care for symptomatic cases.
- Doctors are urged to stay vigilant for neurological symptoms in patients presenting with fever during mosquito-prone seasons, especially in endemic areas. Early intervention is key to mitigating the impact of this deadly viral disease.
